Afghanistan | History, Population and Fats

Afghanistan is surrounded by land on all sides, Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan to the east, India and China to the northeast, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan to the north and Iran to the west And its biggest border is with Pakistan towards the east. It is also called Durand Line. There are ranges in the central and northeast direction, which are an extension of the Hindukush mountains in Tajikistan in the northeast. 

       Afghanistan was called by names like Aryan, Aryanumra Viju, Pakhtia, Khorasan, Pashtunkhawah and Roh etc. In which there were areas like Gandhara, Kamboja, Kumbha, Varnu, Suvastu etc. The Gandhara Mahajanapada was in its northern region till 700 BC, which is described in the Indian source Mahabharata and other texts. Dhritarashtra’s wife Gandhari, the great Sanskrit grammarian Panini and Guru Gorakhnath were residents of this place.

Hakhamani Shahs of Persia

    Before Alexander’s invasion, it was often ruled by the Hakhamani Shahs of Persia. After the death of Alexander, his general Seleucus declared himself the ruler of Iran and Afghanistan. Seleucus was defeated in the war between the Yavana ruler Seleucus and the Maurya Hindu king Chandragupta Maurya. Chandragupta demanded the whole of Afghanistan from Seleucus. After the fall of the Maurya Empire, most of the region of Afghanistan was ruled by the Shakas. After this, Buddhism developed a lot here under the rule of the Kushanas and almost half of Afghanistan became Buddhist. Thus Afghanistan was ruled by Hindu and Buddhist kings, due to which Hindu Buddhist culture flourished here.The Buddha statue in Bamiyan was made at this time. In 642 AD, Arabs started attacking Afghanistan continuously and were successful in eradicating Indian culture from Afghanistan. Mahmud Ghazni ruined the civilization of Afghanistan and got the religion converted on the strength of the sword. After Mahmud Ghazni, Afghanistan was ruled by Muhammad Ghori, Mongols, Temurlang etc.

            The official languages ​​of Afghan are Dari Farsi and Pashto. In Afghanistan 42% Pashtun,  27% Tajik, 9%  Hazara,  9%  Uzbek,  4% Aimaq,  3%  Turkmen,  2% Baloch,  4%, Ethnic group of Afghanistan resides. In Afghanistan, 99.7 percent are Islam and 0.3 percent people of other religions. The total area is 652,864 square kilometers. The population of Afghanistan as of 2020 is 31,390,200 and the population density is 48.08 square kilometers. The currency of Afghanistan is the Afghan Rupee. A total of 34 divisions in Afghanistan are Badakhshan, Badgish, Baghlan, Balk, Baman, Daykundi, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Gor, Helmand, Herat, Jozan, Kabul, Kandahar, Kapisa, Khost, Konar, Kunduz, Lagman, Logar, Nangarhar, Nimruz , Nurestan, Oruzgan, Paktika, Panjshir, Parwan, Samangan, Surrey Pol, Takar, Wardak, Jabol.